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| |
Baseline
|
15 min
|
30 min
| |
15 min
|
30 min
|
|---|
|
Heart rate (beats · min-1)
| | | |
VO2 (L · min-1 STPD)
| | |
|
Normoxia
|
69 ± 10
|
65 ± 10
|
64 ± 10
|
Normoxia
|
0.32 ± 0.08
|
0.30 ± 0.07
|
|
Heat
|
71 ± 14
|
73 ± 12*
|
75 ± 13*
|
Heat
|
0.31 ± 0.07
|
0.32 ± 0.10
|
|
Hypoxia
|
63 ± 9
|
69 ± 7
|
74 ± 8
|
Hypoxia
|
0.33 ± 0.06
|
0.35 ± 0.07
|
|
Combined
|
68 ± 9
|
80 ± 12*
|
82 ± 10*
|
Combined
|
0.34 ± 0.07
|
0.33 ± 0.08
|
|
SpO2 (%)
| | | |
Cardiac output (L · min-1 STPD)
| | |
|
Normoxia
|
98 ± 1
|
97 ± 1
|
97 ± 2
|
Normoxia
|
5.6 ± 1.3
|
5.4 ± 0.8
|
|
Heat
|
98 ± 1
|
97 ± 1
|
97 ± 1
|
Heat
|
5.6 ± 1.0
|
5.9 ± 1.6
|
|
Hypoxia
|
98 ± 1
|
90 ± 2*
|
89 ± 3*
|
Hypoxia
|
5.4 ± 1.1
|
5.7 ± 1.0
|
|
Combined
|
97 ± 1
|
91 ± 2*
|
89 ± 3*
|
Combined
|
5.5 ± 1.3
|
5.7 ± 1.6
|
|
V
E (L · min-1 BTPS)
| | | |
Stroke volume (mL · beat-1)
| | |
|
Normoxia
|
-
|
13.8 ± 4.4
|
13.3 ± 2.8
|
Normoxia
|
87 ± 18
|
86 ± 13
|
|
Heat
|
-
|
13.8 ± 3.7
|
14.4 ± 4.7
|
Heat
|
78 ± 12
|
79 ± 24
|
|
Hypoxia
|
-
|
15.0 ± 4.3*
|
14.5 ± 3.6
|
Hypoxia
|
80 ± 18
|
78 ± 19
|
|
Combined
|
-
|
13.7 ± 2.9
|
13.1 ± 2.8
|
Combined
|
70 ± 15
|
68 ± 16
|
|
V
E (L · min-1 STPD)
| | | |
difference (mL · L-1)
| | |
|
Normoxia
|
-
|
11.3 ± 3.6
|
10.8 ± 2.2
|
Normoxia
|
6.8 ± 0.5
|
6.8 ± 0.2
|
|
Heat
|
-
|
11.3 ± 3.0
|
11.7 ± 3.8
|
Heat
|
6.9 ± 0.2
|
6.9 ± 0.3
|
|
Hypoxia
|
-
|
12.7 ± 4.8
|
12.7 ± 3.9
|
Hypoxia
|
6.8 ± 0.3
|
6.9 ± 0.4
|
|
Combined
|
-
|
11.5 ± 2.7
|
11.0 ± 2.7
|
Combined
|
6.8 ± 0.2
|
6.9 ± 0.3
|
|
VO2 (L · min-1 STPD)
| | | |
RER
| | |
|
Normoxia
|
-
|
0.39 ± 0.11
|
0.37 ± 0.06
|
Normoxia
|
0.83 ± 0.07
|
0.82 ± 0.15
|
|
Heat
|
-
|
0.39 ± 0.07
|
0.41 ± 0.12
|
Heat
|
0.79 ± 0.10
|
0.79 ± 0.10
|
|
Hypoxia
|
-
|
0.37 ± 0.08
|
0.39 ± 0.08
|
Hypoxia
|
0.90 ± 0.09*
|
0.88 ± 0.07*
|
|
Combined
|
-
|
0.38 ± 0.10
|
0.39 ± 0.13
|
Combined
|
0.89 ± 0.08
|
0.85 ± 0.09
|
- *p < 0.05 compared to the corresponding time point in the normoxic condition.
