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| |
Normoxia
|
Heat
|
Hypoxia
|
Combined
|
|---|
|
Cardiovascular
| | | | |
|
HR (beats · min-1)
|
138 ± 17
|
168 ± 15*,**
|
156 ± 13*
|
174 ± 5*,**
|
|
SpO2 (%)
|
96 ± 2
|
95 ± 1
|
83 ± 1*,***
|
83 ± 1*,***
|
|
Cardiac output (L · min-1)
|
16.9 ± 2.5
|
17.6 ± 2.8
|
17.3 ± 2.5
|
17.4 ± 3.2
|
|
Stroke volume (mL · beat-1)
|
126 ± 33
|
106 ± 18
|
112 ± 23
|
101 ± 16
|
|
difference
|
10.95 ± 2
|
11.96 ± 1
|
11.97 ± 1.5
|
11.7 ± 1.2
|
|
Plasma volume change (%)
|
-2.0 ± 5.8
|
-3.2 ± 10
|
-1.7 ± 7.3
|
-2.4 ± 5.4
|
|
Metabolic
| | | | |
|
VO2 (L · min-1)
|
1.98 ± 0.37
|
2.09 ± 0.33
|
2.06 ± 0.42
|
2.02 ± 0.49
|
|
VCO2 (L · min-1)
|
1.71 ± 0.34
|
1.80 ± 0.29
|
1.91 ± 0.36
|
1.83 ± 0.35
|
|
RER
|
0.87 ± 0.09
|
0.86 ± 0.06
|
0.93 ± 0.07*,***
|
0.92 ± 0.09*,***
|
|
V
E STPD (L · min-1)
|
40.5 ± 5.90
|
46.4 ± 9.30*
|
53.0 ± 12.2*
|
52.2 ± 10.70*
|
|
V
E BTPS (L · min-1)
|
49.6 ± 7.30
|
56.9 ± 11.8*
|
63.3 ± 14.1*
|
62.1 ± 9.90*
|
|
Thermoregulatory
| | | | |
|
T
core (°C)
|
37.8 ± 0.3
|
38.7 ± 0.5*,**
|
38.0 ± 0.3
|
38.6 ± 0.4*,**
|
|
T
skin (°C)
|
31.4 ± 2.0
|
36.2 ± 0.9*,**
|
32.1 ± 1.3
|
35.8 ± 1.0*,**
|
|
T
body (°C)
|
36.5 ± 0.6
|
38.1 ± 0.4*,**
|
36.9 ± 0.3
|
38.1 ± 0.4*,**
|
|
Sweat rate (L · min-1)
|
0.48 ± 0.2
|
1.05 ± 0.2*,**
|
0.46 ± 0.2
|
0.91 ± 0.2*,**
|
|
PSI (AU)
|
4.5 ± 0.9
|
7.6 ± 1.5*,**
|
5.2 ± 0.7
|
7.6 ± 1.1*,**
|
|
Perceptual
| | | | |
|
RPE (AU)
|
14 ± 2
|
17 ± 2*
|
17 ± 2*
|
17 ± 2*
|
|
TS (AU)
|
5 ± 1
|
7 ± 1
|
6 ± 1
|
7 ± 1
|
- *Significantly different from NORM; **significantly different from HYP; ***significantly different from HEAT (p < 0.05).
